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''Prunus nigra'', the Canada plum,〔〔 Canadian plum or black plum,〔 is a species of ''Prunus'', native to eastern North America from Nova Scotia west to Minnesota and southeastern Manitoba, and south as far as Connecticut, Illinois, and Iowa.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Germplasm Resources Information Network">url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30053 )〕〔(Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map )〕 It formerly also grew in Ohio but is now thought to be extinct in that state.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Ohio DNR">url=http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/1507/default.aspx )〕 ==Description== ''Prunus nigra'' is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall with a trunk up to 25 cm diameter, with a low-branched, dense crown of stiff, rigid, branches. The bark is gray-brown, older layers coming off in thick plates. The branchlets are bright green at first, later become dark brown tinged with red, and spiny. The winter buds are chestnut brown, long-pointed at the tip, up to long.〔 The leaves are alternate, simple, oblong-ovate or obovate, long and broad, wedge-shaped or slightly heart-shaped or rounded at base, doubly crenaulate-serrate, abruptly contracted to a narrow point at the apex, feather-veined, midrib conspicuous; they emerge from the bud convolute, downy, slightly tinged with red, are smooth, becoming bright green above and paler beneath when full grown. The leaf petioles are stout, bearing two large dark glands and early deciduous, lanceolate or three to five-lobed stipules.〔 The flowers are diameter, with five rounded petals, white fading to pale pink, with a more or less irregularly notched margin; they are slightly fragrant, borne in three to four-flowered umbels, with short, thick peduncles, and appear before the leaves in mid to late spring. The flower stalks are slender and dark red. The calyx is conic, dark red, five-lobed, the lobes acute, finally reflexed, glandular, smooth on the inner surface, imbricate in bud, ovate, with short claws, imbricate in bud. There are 15–20 stamens, inserted on the calyx tube; filaments thread-like; anthers purplish, introrse, two-celled; cells opening longitudinally; the pistil has a superior ovary in the bottom of calyx tube, one-celled, with two ovules.〔(Flora of North America, ''Prunus nigra'' Aiton, 1789. Canada plum, prunier noir )〕 The fruit is an oblong-oval drupe, long with a tough, thick, orange red skin, free from bloom, yellow flesh adherent to the stone; the stone oval, compressed. It matures in late summer or early autumn. The cotyledons are thick and fleshy. The species grows best in alluvial soils.〔〔New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: (''Prunus nigra'' )〕〔 It can easily be confused with the related ''Prunus americana'', differing most obviously in the leaf margins having blunt, gland-tipped teeth, rather than the sharp, glandless teeth of ''P. americana'' leaves.〔 A fungus in the genus ''Taphrina'' often attacks the plums; the young ovaries swell, often much larger than full grown plums, become hollow and often persist on the tree in winter. Known as "plum pockets", they appear pale green, leathery to the touch, and hollow with the exception of a few fibrous bands. The disease reduces regeneration of the plums.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prunus nigra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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